The Apostles of Jesus

Event happening during the 1st Century

Jesus died likely AD30-33

The 2nd Temple was destroyed in AD70

Many Apostles died during AD 30 - AD 100

So, the new testament that recorded events from AD 30 to AD 70, till the destroyed of the 2nd temple, use this period and the backdrop of this period to interpret the bible become so important and making the bible interpretation more accurate.  Because during this period, the 2nd temple still standing, how does the Jews, both unrepented Jews and the repented Jew believe system when they were deeply into Judaism.

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While the deaths of most apostles are not recorded in the Bible, early Christian tradition and historical accounts provide the following details regarding their ends. 

The 12 Apostles: Deaths and Respective Years

• James (son of Zebedee): Died c. AD 44. He was the first of the original apostles to be martyred, beheaded in Jerusalem by order of King Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12:1–2).
• Philip: Died c. AD 54 (or c. AD 80). Tradition says he was martyred by crucifixion (some sources say upside down) or stoning in Hierapolis, Phrygia (modern-day Turkey).
• Matthew: Died c. AD 60. Accounts vary; he was reportedly killed by a sword or halberd while ministering in Ethiopia.
• Andrew: Died c. AD 60 (ranging from AD 60–70). He was crucified on an X-shaped cross in Patras, Greece. He reportedly requested this shape, feeling unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus.
• James (son of Alphaeus): Died c. AD 62–66. Often conflated with James the Just, he was reportedly thrown from the pinnacle of the Temple in Jerusalem and then beaten to death with a club.
• Peter: Died c. AD 64–67. He was crucified upside down in Rome during the persecutions of Emperor Nero, having deemed himself unworthy to be crucified upright like Christ.
• Thomas: Died c. AD 72. Tradition holds he was martyred by being speared to death in Mylapore, India.
• Simon the Zealot: Died c. AD 74. Reports of his death are varied, ranging from crucifixion in Persia or Samaria to being sawn in half.
• Jude (Thaddeus): Year uncertain (often cited around AD 65–70). He was martyred in Persia or Armenia, possibly by an ax, club, or crucifixion.
• Bartholomew (Nathanael): Year uncertain. Tradition strongly suggests he was flayed (skinned) alive and then beheaded or crucified in Armenia.
• John (son of Zebedee): Died c. AD 98–100. He is the only apostle traditionally believed to have died of natural causes in old age at Ephesus after surviving exile on the island of Patmos.
• Judas Iscariot: Died c. AD 30–33. Following his betrayal of Jesus, he committed suicide by hanging himself in Jerusalem shortly before the crucifixion. 

Additional Figures

• Matthias (Replacement for Judas): Year uncertain. He was reportedly stoned and then beheaded in Jerusalem or martyred in Ethiopia.
• Paul (Apostle to the Gentiles): Died c. AD 64–67. Not part of the original twelve, Paul was beheaded in Rome during the reign of Nero. 

I can create a detailed map showing the traditional missionary journeys and burial locations of each apostle to help you visualize their global impact. Would you like to see that?         

While the deaths of most apostles are not recorded in the New Testament, early church tradition and historical writings provide accounts of their fates. Aside from James (son of Zebedee) and Judas Iscariot, whose deaths are in the Bible, the following dates and methods are based on centuries-old traditions.

Apostle	Year of Death (Approx.)	Manner of Death	Location
Judas Iscariot	AD 30–33	Suicide by hanging	Jerusalem
James (son of Zebedee)	AD 44	Beheaded with a sword	Jerusalem
Philip	AD 54 or 80	Crucified or stoned	Hierapolis, Turkey
Andrew	AD 60–70	Crucified on an X-shaped cross	Patras, Greece
Matthew	AD 60	Martyred by sword or spear	Ethiopia
James (son of Alphaeus)	AD 62–66	Thrown from Temple, then beaten	Jerusalem
Peter	AD 64–67	Crucified upside down	Rome, Italy
Simon the Zealot	AD 65–74	Sawn in half or crucified	Persia or Britain
Jude (Thaddeus)	AD 65–70	Killed by an ax or club	Persia or Beirut
Thomas	AD 72	Speared to death	Mylapore, India
Bartholomew	Uncertain	Flayed alive and beheaded	Armenia
John	AD 98–100	Natural causes (old age)	Ephesus, Turkey

Replacement Apostle

• Matthias: (Year uncertain) Tradition states he was stoned and then beheaded in Jerusalem or martyred in Ethiopia. 

Since several of these accounts come from different historical sources, I can provide a detailed comparison of the conflicting traditions for a specific apostle (such as Bartholomew or Simon the Zealot). Would you like to focus on one of them?

When did Jesus Died?

While there is no explicit record of the exact date in historical or biblical texts, the vast majority of modern scholars and historians agree that Jesus was crucified between AD 30 and AD 33. 

Most Likely Years

Scholars use a combination of astronomical data, biblical clues, and historical records to narrow the date to two primary candidates: 

• AD 33 (Friday, April 3): This is considered the traditional date and is favored by many conservative and historically minded researchers. It aligns with astronomical data showing a lunar eclipse visible from Jerusalem on that day, which some link to the "blood moon" mentioned in the book of Acts.
• AD 30 (Friday, April 7): This year is also widely supported, with some scholars favoring it for its chronological simplicity. It is often used by those who argue for a shorter public ministry of about one to two years. 

Key Historical Anchors

Several factors establish this narrow window for his death:

• Pontius Pilate: All four Gospels state Jesus died during Pilate’s governorship, which lasted from AD 26 to 36.
• Tiberius Caesar: Luke 3:1 marks the start of John the Baptist's ministry in the 15th year of Tiberius's reign (AD 28–29), followed shortly by the start of Jesus’s ministry.
• Passover Alignment: The Gospels record that Jesus died on a Friday during or near Passover (Nisan 14/15). According to astronomical models, Friday only coincided with these dates in AD 30 and AD 33 within Pilate's term. 

I can provide a detailed breakdown of the final week of Jesus's life, mapping out the specific events of each day leading up to the crucifixion. Would you like to explore that timeline?